Black mould growth was visible in three ground-floor ensuite bedrooms, but the investigation went beyond the affected surfaces. Comparative air sampling was carried out in the bedrooms, hallway and outdoors, while moisture readings were used to assess conditions within the walls and building fabric.
The findings pointed to several contributing factors rather than one isolated cause. These included elevated indoor mould-spore levels, retained moisture, non-operational extractor fans, sealed windows without trickle ventilation and restricted airflow. Potential moisture ingress associated with the external wall was also identified for further attention.
Sampling both indoors and outdoors provided a useful comparison for the results inside the HMO. Higher mould-spore levels were identified indoors, particularly in bedrooms one and three.
Together with the moisture readings and ventilation findings, this helped establish where remediation and drying should be concentrated. It also showed why removing visible mould alone would not address the wider conditions within the affected rooms.
The response brought several measures together rather than treating the mould as a single surface-cleaning problem.
Visible mould
Affected surfaces were manually cleaned using specialist mould-remediation products, providing direct treatment of the visible contamination.
Airborne contamination
ULV fogging formed part of the wider remediation programme within the affected rooms, complementing the physical cleaning rather than replacing it.
Trapped moisture
Dehumidifiers were deployed in bedrooms one and three, with localised tenting used around affected walls to reduce the air volume being processed and concentrate the drying effort.
Contributing conditions
Non-functioning ensuite extractors, the absence of trickle ventilation and potential external moisture ingress were identified as issues requiring attention alongside the remediation work.
Where moisture is concentrated within a particular wall or section of building fabric, drying the entire room can dilute the effect of the equipment. Creating a smaller temporary drying zone reduces the volume of air being processed and concentrates the drying effort around the area of concern.
In this HMO, that approach allowed the drying programme to focus on the moisture conditions identified in bedrooms one and three rather than treating every room in exactly the same way.
The remediation and targeted drying programme ran for approximately two weeks. Follow-up air sampling showed reduced indoor mould-spore levels after the works.
More importantly, the project connected the visible mould with the conditions contributing to it. The affected surfaces could be treated, but the investigation also highlighted ventilation and building-maintenance issues that needed attention to help manage moisture over the longer term.